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— Zoran Radović

(1940, Kraljevo, today RS) studied mathematics and electronics at the University of Belgrade (1959 1962). 1972 stipendiary of DAAD artist residential program in Berlin. Since 1973 he lives in Berlin, DE.
Exhib.: 1970, Venice Biennale. 1970, Generación automática de formas plásticas, computer center of the University of Madrid. 1970, Impulse Computerkunst: Graphik, Plastik, Musik, Film, Kunstverein München, Munich.

— Ludwig Rase

(1925, Nuremberg, DE – 2009, Munich, DE) studied architecture at the Technische Hochschule München, Munich. 1969–1973 collaboration with Georg Nees. He lived in Munich.
Exhib.: 1970, Venice Biennale.

— Edo Ravnikar (Edvard Ravnikar)

(1941, Ljubljana, today SI) studied architecture at the University of Ljubljana (1967). Postgraduate studies at University College London. He worked for Douglas Stephen & Partners in London, Studio BBPR in Milan, and Studio Cappai, Foscari, Mainardis in Venice. He lives in Ljubljana.

— Ad Reinhardt (Adolph Dietrich Friedrich Reinhardt)

(1913, Buffalo, NY, USA – 1967, New York, NY, USA) studied at Columbia College, Columbia University, New York (1931–1935) and painting at the National Academy of Design and the American Artists School, New York (1936–1937). From 1937 member of American Abstract Artists (AAA). 1947–1967 assistant professor of design at Brooklyn College, New York. He also taught at the California School of Fine Arts in San Francisco, the University of Wyoming, Yale University, and Hunter College, New York. 1948 founding member of the Artist’s Club in New York. 1951 co-editor with Robert Motherwell and Bernard Karpel of Modern Artists in America.
Exhib.: 1960, Konkrete Kunst. 50 Jahre Entwicklung, Helmhaus, Zurich. 1965, The Responsive Eye, The Museum of Modern Art, New York. 1968, documenta 4, Kassel.

— Karl Reinhartz

(1932, Herne, DE) did an apprenticeship as a wall painter and finished as a master craftsman in wall painting (1947–1950). He studied painting at the Werkkunstschule in Dortmund (1956–1959) and the Akademie der Bildenden Künste München, Munich, under Ernst Geitlinger (1959–1965). 1965–1968 founding member of Effekt. Since 1965 lives in Munich and Johanniskirchen, DE.
Exhib.: 1965, The Responsive Eye, The Museum of Modern Art, New York. See also: Effekt.
Lit.: See: Effekt.

— Gary Rice

(1938, Kansas City, MO, USA – 1975, Kansas City) obtained a highschool degree, was a self-taught artist, and worked as a programmer and steel worker. Member of the Art Research Center (ARC).
Exhib.: See: Art Research Center (ARC).
Lit.: G. R., “Untitled,” in: The Center, 3, 1967, n. p. See: Art Research Center (ARC).

— Vjenceslav Richter

(1917, Drenova, today HR – 2003, Zagreb, HR) studied architecture at the Faculty of Architecture of the University of Zagreb (grad. 1949). 1950–1956 member of Exat 51. 1958 architect of the Yugoslav pavilion, EXPO 58, Brussels.
Exhib.: 1968, Vjenceslav Richter, Galerija suvremene umjetnosti, Zagreb. 1968, Plus By Minus: Today’s Half-Century, Albright-Knox Art Gallery, Buffalo, NY. 1973, De consequenties van de machine, Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen, Rotterdam. See also: Exat 51.
Lit.: V. R., Sinturbanizam, Zagreb, 1964. See also: Exat 51.

— Bridget Riley

(1931, London, UK) studied at Goldsmiths College of Art, London (1949–1952) and at the Royal College of Art, London (1952–1955, B.A. 1955). She lives in London.
Exhib.: 1965, The Responsive Eye, The Museum of Modern Art, New York. 1968, Venice Biennale.

— Christian Roeckenschuss

(1933, Hamburg, DE) studied music in Dresden (1948–1951) and painting at the Hochschule für bildende Künste Berlin (1951–1957). He lives in Berlin, DE.
Exhib.: 1964, 13 Konkrete, Kunstverein Ulm. 1965, 20^e Salon des Réalités Nouvelles, Paris. 1968, Visuell – Konstruktiv, Kunstverein Berlin.

— Osvaldo Romberg

(1938, Buenos Aires, AR) studied at the Colegio Nacional de Buenos Aires (1950–1955) and architecture at the University of Buenos Aires (1956–1962). 1969 member of the Grupo de Arte y Cibernética Buenos Aires. 1961–1973 taught at the Universities of Buenos Aires, Córdoba, AR, Puerto Rico, and Tucumán. 1973 immigration to Israel. Since 1973 teaches at the Bezalel Academy of Art, Jerusalem. Co-founder of Slought Foundation, Philadelphia, PA, USA. He lives in Tel Aviv and New York City.

Exhib. and lit.: See: Grupo de Arte y Cibernética Buenos Aires.

— Dieter Roth (Dieter Rot)

(1930, Hannover, DE – 1998, Basel, CH) did an apprenticeship as a graphic designer until 1951. 1953–1964 founding publisher, with Marcel Wyss and Eugen Gomringer, of the magazine Spirale. Internationale Zeitschrift für junge Kunst. 1957 moved to Reykjavík. 1968–1971 professor at the Kunstakademie Düsseldorf.
Exhib.: 1961, Zero. Edition Exposition Demonstration, Galerie Schmela, Düsseldorf. 1961, Bewogen Beweging, Stedelijk Museum, Amsterdam. 1968, documenta 4, Kassel.

— Sylvia Roubaud

(1941, Munich, DE) studied painting and graphic arts under Emilio Vedova in Venice (1966–1969) and at the Akademie der Bildenden Künste München, Munich, under Günter Fruhtrunk (1967–1974). 1971 created computer graphics in collaboration with the mathematician Gerold Weiss at Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm (MBB). 1974–1998 owner of a gallery for abstract painting in Munich. She continues to work as an artist and lives in Munich and Italy.

Exhib. and lit.: See: MBB Computer Graphics.

— Beverly Charles Rowe

(1935, London, UK) studied archaeology and anthropology at King’s College, Cambridge, UK. 1958/1959 research executive, Social Surveys (Gallup Poll) Ltd. 1960/1961 research officer at the London County Council (town planning). 1962/1963 analyst/ programmer at English Electric Ltd. 1963–1967 lecturer in medical data processing at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. 1968/1969 head of applications at the University of London Computer Centre, there consultant to Gustav Metzger for his computer works. 1970–1978 head of computer center at the Polytechnic of North London. 1979–1984 head of computing at the International Statistical Institute, London. 1985–2003 director of AnyWare Ltd., London.

— Reiner Ruthenbeck

(1937, Velbert, DE) studied at the Kunstakademie Düsseldorf under Joseph Beuys (1962–1968) after an apprenticeship as a photographer. 1980–2000 professor at the Kunstakademie Münster. He lives in Düsseldorf, DE. 
Exhib.: 1969, When Attitudes Become Form, Kunsthalle Bern. 1972, documenta 5, Kassel.